Ovarian cancer
What is ovarian cancer?
The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs and hormones which are essential for reproductive processes and sexual development in females. Ovarian cancer includes different types of cancers defined by their relationship to the ovaries. The main types of ovarian cancer are epithelial (surface), stroma (connective tissue) or germ cells (within the ovaries). Epithelial is the most common type and includes a number of sub-types with varying levels of severity and progression.
The primary causes of ovarian cancer are not known, although various studies have identified risk factors including age, family history of the disease and genetic mutations. There is no known way of preventing the disease, although some factors may reduce the risk such as having children, breastfeeding or the use of oral contraceptives. In some cases high risk patients may consider surgical removal of the ovaries.
Detecting ovarian cancer
Described as a hard to detect cancer, there are no reliable screening measures at this time, meaning ovarian cancer often goes undetected in its early stages. Two tests which may be used – CA125 blood test or a transvaginal ultrasound – are not considered definitive for diagnostic purposes.
The CA125 blood test measures a specific blood protein which has been observed at increased levels in about half of women found to have early stage ovarian cancer. However levels may also be elevated naturally or due to other less serious conditions. A transvaginal ultrasound may identify abnormalities on an ovary’s surface, but it cannot definitively determine if they are harmless cysts or malignant tumours. For a definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer, a biopsy or laparoscopy is undertaken to retrieve a sample of tissue for testing.
Detection of ovarian cancer is further complicated because symptoms may be general and appear to be caused by less serious medical conditions. The most commonly reported symptoms of ovarian cancer are:
- lower stomach or pelvic pain
- abdominal bloating
- frequent/urgent need to urinate
- feeling full after small amounts of food
There may be other symptoms such as unexplained weight loss/gain, bowel movement changes, fatigue, nausea, pain or bleeding during sex or unexpected bleeding (post menopause or in between periods).
Treating ovarian cancer
For early-stage ovarian cancer the most common treatment is surgery. Depending on the stage of cancer advancement, chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy and radiotherapy may also be considered. These can be conducted before or after surgery, depending on the specific type of ovarian cancer and progress of the disease.
Each patient’s treatment will depend on several factors which are carefully assessed by the San’s ovarian cancer specialists and the individual’s medical treatment team.
Comprehensive ovarian cancer treatment on Sydney's North Shore
The San hospital is conveniently located to provide comprehensive ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment services for patients across the greater Sydney region. With access to an extensive range of tools through San Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and our inhouse range of oncological specialists, our medical teams can effectively assess conditions and provide vital treatment.
Our responsive staff provide exceptional care through all stages of a patient’s ovarian cancer journey, ensuring they and their families are kept fully informed at all times.
Summary
The San’s gynaecology and oncology specialists are dedicated to working closely as part of each patient’s medical team to facilitate the best possible outcome for ovarian cancer patients. Our Sydney private hospital is well-equipped with the necessary resources and expertise to deliver comprehensive care.
The San advantage
- Extensive diagnostic services
- Individualised treatment plans
- Superior facilities and technology
- Highly-skilled multi-disciplinary teams
- Inclusive care and support
- Cancer support centre services and counselling
- Nurse navigator support